n. Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Company has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Company expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the standalone statement of profit and loss net of any reimbursement.
Provisions are measured at the present value of management's best estimate of the expenditure required to settle the present obligation at the end of the reporting period. The discount rate used to determine the present value is a pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the liability. The increase in the provision due to the passage of time is recognized as interest expense.
o. Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share is calculated by dividing the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders (after deducting attributable taxes) by the weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period. The weighted average number of equity shares outstanding during the period is adjusted for events, if any.
For the purpose of calculating diluted earnings per share, the net profit or loss for the period attributable to equity shareholders and the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the period are adjusted for the effects of all dilutive potential equity shares.
Potential ordinary shares shall be treated as dilutive when, and only when, their conversion to ordinary shares would decrease earnings per share or increase loss per share from continuing operations.
p. Taxes
Current income tax
Current income tax expense or credit for the period is the tax payable on the current period's taxable income based on the applicable income tax rate adjusted by changes in deferred tax assets and liabilities attributable to temporary differences and to unused tax losses.
Current income tax assets and liabilities are measured at the amount expected to be recovered from or paid to the taxation authorities. The tax rates and tax laws used to compute the amount are those that are enacted or substantively enacted, at the reporting date in the countries where the Company operates and generates taxable income.
Current income tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Current tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity. Management periodically evaluates positions taken in the tax returns with respect to situations in which applicable tax regulations are subject to interpretation and establishes provisions where appropriate.
Deferred tax
Deferred tax is recognized using the liability method in respect of temporary differences between the carrying amount of assets and liabilities in
the Standalone Financial Statements and the corresponding amounts used in the computation of taxable profit.
Deferred tax liabilities are recognised for all taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax liability is recognised based on the expected manner of realisation or settlement of the carrying amount of assets and liabilities, by the end of the reporting period.
Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits (Minimum alternate tax credit entitlement) and any unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can be utilized.
Deferred tax relating to items recognised outside profit or loss is recognised outside profit or loss (either in other comprehensive income or in equity). Deferred tax items are recognised in correlation to the underlying transaction either in OCI or directly in equity.
The carrying amount of deferred tax assets is reviewed at each reporting date and reduced to the extent that it is no longer probable that sufficient taxable profit will be available to allow all or part of the deferred tax asset to be utilized. Unrecognized deferred tax assets are re-assessed at each reporting date and are recognised to the extent that it has become probable that future taxable profits will allow the deferred tax asset to be recovered.
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured at the tax rates that are expected to apply in the year when the asset is realized or the liability is settled, based on tax rates (and tax laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted at the reporting date.
Deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities are offset if a legally enforceable right exists to set off current tax assets against current tax liabilities and the deferred taxes relate to the same taxable entity and the same taxation authority.
q. Segment Reporting
As the Company's main business activity falls within a single primary Business segment viz. "Express
Cargo", provisions of Segment Reporting as per Ind AS 108 are not applicable.
r. Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalent in the balance sheet comprise cash at banks and cash/cheques on hand and short-term deposits with an original maturity of twelve months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.
s. Dividend Distribution to Equity holders
The Company recognizes a liability to make dividend distributions to equity holders when the distribution is authorized and is no longer left to the discretion of the Company. As per the corporate laws in India, a distribution of final dividend is authorized when it is approved by the shareholders; and a distribution of interim dividend is authorized by the board of directors. The amount of dividend so authorized is adjusted directly in other equity.
t. Contingent Liabilities and Assets
A contingent liability is a possible obligation that arises from past events whose existence will be confirmed by the occurrence or non-occurrence of one or more uncertain future events beyond the control of the Company or a present obligation that is not recognized because it is not probable that an outflow of resources willbe required to settle the obligation. A contingent liability also arises in extremely rare cases where there is a liability that cannot be recognized because it cannot be measured reliably. The Company does not recognize a contingent liability but discloses its existence in the Standalone Financial Statements.
Contingent assets are not recognized but disclosed in the Standalone Financial Statements when an inflow of economic benefits is probable.
u. Significant Management Judgement in Applying Accounting Policies and Estimation Uncertainty
The following are the critical judgments and the key estimates concerning the future that management has made in the process of applying the Company's accounting policies and that may have the most significant effect on the amounts recognized in the Standalone Financial Statements or that have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next financial year.
1. Revenue - The Company recognises revenue from contracts with customers based on a five-step modelas per Ind AS 115 (Refe Note 'i') which involves judgements such as identification of distinct performance obligation involves judgement to determine the deliverables and the ability of the customer to benefit independently from such deliverables. The management exercises judgement in determining whether the performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time or over a period of time. It considers indicators such as how customer consumes benefits as services are rendered or who controls the asset as it is being created or existence of enforceable right to payment for performance to date and alternate use of such product or service, transfer of significant risks and rewards to the customer, acceptance of delivery by the customer, etc. Revenue from freight services is recognised over time using percentage-of-completion method. The management uses judgement to estimate the services provided as on reporting date as a proportion of total services provided which is used to determine the degree of the completion of the performance obligation.
2. Allowance for doubtful debts - The
allowance for doubtful debts reflects management's estimate of losses inherent in its credit portfolio. This allowance is based on Company's estimate of the losses to be incurred, which derives from past experience with similar receivables, current and historical past due amounts, write-offs and collections, the careful monitoring of portfolio credit quality and current and projected future economic conditions. if the present economic and financial situation of the Company's debtors with which the Company contracted were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payment, additional expected credit loss may be required.
3. Useful lives of depreciable/amortizable assets - Management reviews its estimate of the useful lives of depreciable/amortizable assets at each reporting date, based on the expected utility of the assets. Uncertainties in these estimates relate to technical and economic obsolescence that may change the utility of certain software, IT equipment and other plant and equipment.
4. Defined benefit obligation (DBO) -
Management's estimate of the DBO is based on a number of critical underlying assumptions such as standard rates of inflation, mortality, discount rate and anticipation of future salary increases. Variation in these assumptions may significantly impact the DBO amount and the annual defined benefit expenses.
5. Evaluation of indicators for impairment of assets - The evaluation of applicability of indicators of impairment of assets requires assessment of several external and internal factors which could result in deterioration of recoverable amount of the assets.
6. Recognition of deferred tax assets - The
extent to which deferred tax assets can be recognized is based on an assessment of the probability of the future taxable income against which the deferred tax assets can be utilized. In addition, significant judgement is required in assessing the impact of any legal and economic limits or uncertainties in various tax jurisdictions.
7. Contingent liabilities - The Company is the subject of legal proceedings and tax issues which are pending in various jurisdictions. Due to the uncertainty inherent in such matters, it is difficult to predict the final outcome of such matters. In the normal course of business, management consults with legal counsel and certain other experts on matters related to litigation and taxes. The Company accrues a liability when it is determined that an adverse outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated.
8. Provisions - At the end of each reporting
period on the basis of the management judgement, changes in facts and legal aspects, the Company assess the requirement of the provisions. However, the actual future outcome may different from this judgement.
Recent Pronouncements
Ind AS 21 The Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates
The amendment provides guidance on determining the exchange rate when a currency is not exchangeable into another currency. Where exchangeability is lacking, entities are required to estimate the spot exchange rate that would be used in an orderly transaction under prevailing economic conditions and disclose the estimation process, key inputs, and associated risks. On May 7 2025, MCA notifies the amendments to Ind AS 21 - Effects of Changes in Foreign Exchange Rates. These amendments aim to provide clearer guidance on assessing currency exchangeability and estimating exchange rates when currencies are not readily exchangeable. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning on or after April 1, 2025. The Company is currently assessing the probable impact of these amendments on its financial statements.
Ministry of Corporate Affairs ("MCA") notifies new standards or amendments to the existing standards under Companies (Indian Accounting Standards) Rules as issued from time to time. During the year ended March 31, 2025, MCA has notified Ind AS 117 - Insurance Contracts and amendments to Ind As 116 - Leases , relating to sale and lease back transactions, applicable from April 1, 2024. The Company has assessed that there is no significant impact on its financial statements.
a) Buildings includes those on leasehold land (cost ' 12.12 crores, accumulated depreciation ' 2.17 crores and written down value ' 9.96 crores) as on March 31, 2025,( cost ' 12.05 crores, accumulated depreciation ' 1.97 crores and written down value ' 10.08 crores) as on March 31, 2024.
b) Pursuant to the Scheme of arrangement between Transport Corporation of India Limited (TCIL) and TCI Express Limited (TCI EXPRESS) and their respective shareholders, 47 immovable properties are required to be transferred in the name of TCIEXPRESS from TCIL. Out of 47 immovable properties, 32 immovable properties (including sold two properties) has been transferred in the name of TCI EXPRESS and rest 15 nos. immovable properties are in process of transfer. (refer note 46 and 47).
Capilalised Borowing Cost
The Company has not capitalised any borrowing costs during the year ended March 31, 2025 and March 31, 2024
( c ) Rights/Preferences/Restrictions Attached to Equity Shares
The Company has only one class of Equity share having a par value of Rs 2/- per share. Each holder of equity shares is entitled to one vote per share held. The dividend proposed by Board of Directors is subject to the approval of the shareholders in the ensuing Annual General Meeting, except in case of interim dividend(s). In the event of liquidation, the equity shareholders are eligible to receive remaining assets of the Company after distribution of all preferential amounts, in proportion of their shareholding.
As on March 31, 2025, 21,419 Equity shares (March 31, 2024, 28,653 Equity shares) are lying in Demat Suspense Account of the Company. Dividend on these shares transferred into bank account linked with demat suspense account. The voting and beneficial rights of these shares are frozen till the rightful owner of such shares claims such unclaimed shares. ( Refer the Board's and Corporate Governance Report for further details with respect to unclaimed proceeds, dividends and transfer of dividends/shares to the IEPF)
(f ) Share Reserved under Employee Stock Option Plan
The Shareholders in their meeting held on November 1, 2016 have approved the resolution to create, grant, issue and offer 9,57218 options representing 2.5% of the paid up share capital on that date of shareholders approval in form of options, in one or more tranches under ESOP Scheme 2016.
During the year, in respect of Option granted under the Employees Stock Option Scheme 2016 and in accordance with the guidelines issued by Securities and Exchange Board of India the accounting value of Option (based on fair value of share on the date of grant of option minus option price ) is accounted as a deferred employee compensation, which is amortised on straight line basis over the vesting period. Amortisation of deferred employee compensation are detailed as below:
March 31, 2025 : ' 3.18 crores March 31, 2024'3.93 crores
(g) Equity shares movement in the period of five years immediately preceeding March 312025.
79,125 Equity shares alloted to the eligible employees during the financial year 2020-21 60,600 Equity shares alloted to the eligible employees during the financial year 2021-22 50,800 Equity shares alloted to the eligible employees during the financial year 2022-23 30,835 Equity shares alloted to the eligible employees during the financial year 2023-24
During the year, the Company has allotted 37535 Equity shares to the eligible employees pursuant to ESOP-2016
(h) Equity shares reserved for issue under options
Information relating to Employee Stock Option issued, exercised and lapsed during the financial year and options outstanding at the end of the reporting period, is set out in Note 38B
Securities premium
The amount received in excess of the par value of equity shares has been classified as securities premium.
Employee's stock options outstanding account
Under Employee stock option plan 2016, the share options outstanding account is used to record the fair value of equity- settled, share-based payment transactions with employees. The amounts recorded in share options outstanding account are transferred to securities premium upon exercise of stock options.
General reserve
The Company has transferred a portion of the net profit of the company before declaring dividend to general reserve pursuant to the earlier provision of Companies Act 1956. Though under the Companies Act, 2013 transfer of profit to general reserve is not required.
Other comprehensive income reserve
It includes remeasurement of net defined benefit liability / asset, equity instruments fair valued through other comprehensive income, changes on fair valuation of investments and changes in fair value of derivatives designated as cash flow hedges, net of taxes.
Note :
i Standby letter of credit given by HDFC Bank Limited for credit facility availed by TCI Express Singapore Pte Ltd
ii During the financial year 2024-2025, the Additional Commissioner of Central Goods and Services tax, Gurugram Commissionerate had issued a demand order dated 14/12/2024 and raised a GST tax liability of ' 51.36 crores, along with applicable interest and penalty, for the period from 1/07/2017 to 31/03/2022. It states that the Assessee has not discharged its Goods and Service tax liability under Reverse Charge (RCM) on GTA supplies received from its transporters, thereby, resulting in non-payment of GST
In response to the said demand order the company has preferred an appeal before the commissioner (Appeals) CGST after paying a tax amount of ' 5.13 crores (10% of disputed tax) as pre-deposit of tax demand.
Based on the underlying facts, applicable laws and industry standards, the company is confident of prevailing against the department's position and does not anticipate any adverse financial outcome.
The Company has assessed that it is only possible, but not probable, that outflow of economic resources will be required and hence these demands have been disclosed as contingent liability.
34. Financial Instruments A. Fair values hierarchy
The different levels of fair value have been defined below:
The fair value of financial instruments has been classified into three categories depending on the inputs used in the valuation technique. The hierarchy gives the highest priority to quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities [Level 1 measurements] and lowest priority to unobservable inputs [Level 3 measurements].
The categories used are as follows:
Level 1: Quoted prices for identical instruments in an active market;
Level 2: Directly (i.e. as prices) or indirectly (i.e. derived from prices) observable market inputs, other than Level 1 inputs; and
Level 3: Inputs which are not based on observable market data (unobservable inputs). Fair values are determined in whole or in part using a net asset value or valuation model based on assumptions that are neither supported by prices from observable current market transactions in the same instrument nor they are based on available market data.
(i) The management assessed that fair values of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, other receivables, short term
borrowings, trade payables and other current financial liabilities are approximate of their respective carrying amounts, largely due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The fair value of the financial assets and liabilities is included in the amount at which the instrument could be exchanged in a current transaction between willing parties, other than in a forced or liquidation sale.
(ii) The fair values of loans, security deposits, borrowings and other financial assets and liabilities are considered to be the same as their carrying values, as there is no material change in the lending rates.
B Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value - recurring fair value measurements
35. Revenue From Contracts With Customers
Indian Accounting Standard 115 Revenue from Contracts with Customers ("Ind AS 115"), establishes a framework for determining whether, how much and when revenue is recognised and requires disclosures about the nature, amount, timing and uncertainty of revenues and cash flows arising from customer contracts. Under Ind AS 115, revenue is recognised through a 5-step approach:
(i) Identify the contract(s) with customer;
(ii) Identify separate performance obligations in the contract;
(iii) Determine the transaction price;
(iv) Allocate the transaction price to the performance obligations; and
(v) Recognise revenue when a performance obligation is satisfied.
The standard is applied only to contracts that are not completed as at March 31 2025.
Significant changes in contract assets and liabilities Changes in balance of contract liabilities during the year:
Performance obligation of the Company
In case of freight service there is only one performance obligation of the Company i.e. to carry express cargo distribution. The Company recognizes revenue over time during which the services are being delivered. Revenue from services rendered is recognised in proportion to the stage of completion of the transaction at the reporting date when the outcome of the transaction can be estimated reliably.
36. Risk Management
The Company's financial risk management is an integral part of how to plan and execute its business strategies.
The Company's risk management is carried out by a central team at the Corporate Office comprising of chief financial officer, credit controller and other members of the finance/credit control function under policies approved by the Board of Directors. All receipts and payments are maintained at centralised bank account, thus resulting in mitigating the credit risk and liquidity risk.
A. CREDIT RISK
Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty fails to discharge its obligation to the Company. The Company's exposure to credit risk is influenced mainly by short term investments, trade receivables, cash and cash equivalents and other financial assets measured at amortised cost. The Company continuously monitors defaults of customers and other counterparties and incorporates this information into its credit risk controls.
Credit risk rating
The Company assesses and manages credit risk of financial assets based on following categories arrived on the basis of assumptions, inputs and factors specific to the class of financial assets.
A : No Risk
B: Low credit risk
C: Moderate credit risk
D: High credit risk
Based on business environment in which the Company operates, a default on a financial asset is considered when the counter party fails to make payments within the agreed time period as per contract. Loss rates reflecting defaults are based on past credit loss experience with customers and considering differences between current and historical economic conditions.
Financial assets are written off when there is no reasonable expectation of recovery, such as a debtor failing to engage in a repayment plan with the Company or debtor declaring bankruptcy or customer closing down the business. The Company continues to engage with parties whose balances are written off and attempts to enforce repayment to attempt to recover the receivable due. Where recoveries are made, these are recognised as income in statement of profit and loss.
Cash and cash equivalents and bank term deposits
Credit risk related to cash and cash equivalents and bank term deposits is managed by only accepting highly rated banks assigned by credit rating agencies.
Investments
Majority of the Company's investments are fair valued based on Level 1 inputs. These investment primarily include investment in liquid mutual fund units, Commercial papers, quoted bonds issued by quasi-government organisations. The Company invest after considering counterparty risks based on multiple criteria including Credit rating, profitability and deposit base of banks and financial institutions.
Trade receivables
The Company closely monitors the credit-worthiness of the debtors through IT driven internal systems that are configured to define credit limits of customers, thereby, limiting the credit risk to pre-calculated amounts and stipulated days. Moreover, given the diverse nature of the Company's businesses trade receivables are spread over a number of customers with no significant concentration of credit risk. No single customer accounted for 3% or more of the trade receivables in any of the years presented. The Company assesses increase in credit risk on an ongoing basis for amounts receivable that become past due and default is considered to have occurred when amounts receivable become one year past due
Other financial assets measured at amortised cost
Other financial assets measured at amortised cost includes security deposits and others. Credit risk related to these other financial assets is managed by monitoring the recoverability of such amounts continuously
Financial assets are considered to be of good quality and there is no significant increase in credit risk
Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company will encounter difficulty in meeting the obligations associated with its financial liabilities that are settled by delivering cash or another financial asset. The Company's approach to managing liquidity is to ensure as far as possible, that it will have sufficient liquidity to meet its liabilities when they are due.
Management monitors rolling forecasts of the company's liquidity position and cash and cash equivalents on the basis of expected cash flows.
(i) Financing arrangements
The Company principal source of liquidity are cash and cash equivalent, short term investments and the cash flow that is generating from operations. The company believes that the following short term financial assets and unused working capital limits of Rs 65.00 crores with consortium bankers are sufficient to meet its financial liabilities within the maturity period.
(' in Crores )
Market risk is the risk of loss of future earnings, fair values or future cash flows that may result from a change in the price of a financial instrument. The value of a financial instrument may change as a result of changes in the interest rates, foreign currency exchange rates, equity prices and other market changes that affect market risk sensitive instruments. Market risk is attributable to all market risk sensitive financial instruments including investments and deposits, foreign currency receivables, payables and loans and borrowings.
Interest Rate risk
Liabilities
Interest rate risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of the financial instruments will fluctuate because of changes in market interest rates. In order to optimize the company's position with regards to interest income and interest expenses and to manage the interest rate risk, management performs a comprehensive corporate interest rate risk management by balancing the proportion of fixed rate and floating rate financial instruments in its total portfolio.
The Company's policy is to minimise interest rate cash flow risk exposures on long-term and short term financing. At March 31, 2025, the Company is exposed to changes in market interest rates through bank borrowings at variable interest rates.
38. A Employee Benefit Obligations ( on the basis of Actuarial Valuation)
1) Gratuity
The Company provides for gratuity for employees in India as per the Payment of Gratuity Act, 1972. Employees who are in continuous service for a period of 5 years are eligible for gratuity. The amount of gratuity payable on retirement/termination is the employees last drawn basic salary per month computed proportionately for 15 days salary multiplied for the number of years of service. For the funded plan the company makes contributions to recognised funds in India. The company does not fully fund the liability and maintains a target level of funding to be maintained over a period of time based on estimations of expected gratuity payments.
The weighted average duration of the defined benefit obligation as at March 31, 2025 is 13 years (March 31, 2024: 13 years)
The amounts recognised in the Statement of Financial Position and the movements in the net defined benefit obligation over the year are as follows:
Defined Contribution Plans
The Company make contribution to state governed provident fund scheme, employee state insurance scheme and labour welfare fund scheme, and are considered as defined contribution plans. The contribution under the schemes are recognised as an expense in the Statement of Profit and Loss, when an employee renders the related service. There are no other obligations other than the contribution payable to the respective funds.
2) Leave Obligations
The leave obligations cover the Company liability for earned leaves, since the Company does not have an unconditional right to defer settlement for any of these obligations. However based on past experience, the Company does not expect all employees to take the full amount of accrued leave or require payment within the next 12 months, therefore based on the independent actuarial report, only a certain amount of provision has been presented as current and remaining as non¬ current leave obligation. The following amounts reflect leave that is not expected to be taken or paid within the next 12 months.
(d) Benami property
The Company does not have any Benami property, where any proceeding has been initiated or pending against the Company for holding any Benami property.
( e) Registration of charges or satisfaction with Registrar of Companies
The Company do not have any charges or satisfaction which is yet to be registered with ROC beyond the statutory period.
(f) Details of crypto currency or virtual currency
The Company have not traded or invested in Crypto currency or Virtual Currency during the financial year.
(g) Utilisation of borrowed funds and share premium
The Company have not received any fund from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (Funding Party) with the understanding (whether recorded in writing or otherwise) that the Company shall:
(a) directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (Ultimate Beneficiaries) or
(b) provide any guarantee, security or the like to or on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(h) Compliance with number of layers of companies
The Company is in compliance with the number of layers prescribed under clause (87) of section 2 of the Companies Act, 2013 read with the Companies (Restriction on number of Layers) Rules, 2017 (as amended).
(i) Revaluation of PPE
The Company has not revalued its property, plant and equipment (including right-of-use assets) or intangible asset.
(j) Undisclosed income
There were no previously unrecorded income that have been surrendered or disclosed as income during the year in the tax assessments under the Income Tax Act, 1961 (43 of 1961).
The accompanying notes are an integral part of the Standalone Financial Statements.
In terms of our Report of even date attached For and on behalf of Board of Directors
For R S Agarwala & Co. D P Agarwal Chander Agarwal Murali Krishna Chevuturi
Chartered Accountants Chairman Managing Director Director
Firm Reg No. 304045E (Gurugram) ( Gurugram) (Hyderabad)
Bimal Kumar Kedia Mukti Lal Priyanka
Partner Sr. VP & CFO Company Secretary
(Membership No. 055237) (Gurugram) (Gurugram)
Place : Kolkata
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