We have audited the accompanying financial statements of Fusion Finance Limited (Formerly Fusion Micro Finance Limited) (the "Company"), which comprise the Balance Sheet as at 31st March 2025, and the Statement of Profit and Loss (including Other Comprehensive Income), the Statement of Cash Flows and the Statement of Changes in Equity for the year ended on that date, and notes to the financial statements, including a summary of material accounting policies and other explanatory information.
In our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us, except for the possible effects of the matter described in the Basis for Qualified Opinion section below, the aforesaid financial statements give the information required by the Companies Act, 2013 (the "Act") in the manner so required and give a true and fair view in conformity with the Indian Accounting Standards prescribed under section 133 of the Act, ("Ind AS") and other accounting principles generally accepted in India, of the state of affairs of the Company as at 31st March 2025, and its loss, total comprehensive loss, its cash flows and the changes in equity for the year ended on that date.
Basis for Qualified Opinion
As stated in Note 60 to the financial statements, the Company has not evaluated whether any of the expected credit allowances recognised in the year ended March 31, 2025 should be retrospectively adjusted to the previously reported amounts in the prior year presented because of impracticability as described in Ind AS 8, Accounting Policies, Changes in Accounting Estimates and Errors. In the absence of sufficient and appropriate evidence, we are unable to comment on the Company's basis of impracticability to evaluate and determine whether any retrospective adjustment should have been made to previously reported amounts in the prior year presented.
We conducted our audit of the financial statements in accordance with the Standards on Auditing (“SA"s) specified under section 143(10) of the Act. Our
responsibilities under those Standards are further described in the Auditor's Responsibility for the Audit of the Financial Statements section of our report. We are independent of the Company in accordance with the Code of Ethics issued by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India ("ICAI") together with the ethical requirements that are relevant to our audit of the financial statements under the provisions of the Act and the Rules made thereunder and we have fulfilled our other ethical responsibilities in accordance with these requirements and the ICAI's Code of Ethics. We believe that the audit evidence obtained by is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our qualified opinion on the financial statements.
Material uncertainty related to Going Concern
We draw attention to Note 61 to the financial statements which describes the material uncertainty in relation to the going concern assumption used in the preparation of the financial statements. This condition and other matters stated in the Note indicate the existence of material uncertainty that may cast significant doubt on the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. However, the financial statements of the Company have been prepared on a going concern basis for the reasons stated in the said Note.
Our opinion is not modified in respect of this matter.
Key Audit Matters
Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in our audit of the financial statements of the current period. These matters were addressed in the context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide a separate opinion on these matters. In addition to the matter described in the Basis for Qualified Opinion section and Material Uncertainty Related to Going Concern section of our report, we have determined the matters described below to be the key audit matters to be communicated in our report.
Sr. No.
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Key Audit Matter
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Auditor's Response
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1
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Impairment of financial instruments (including provision for Expected Credit Loss) (As described in note 2.7 of the financial statements)
Ind AS 109 requires the Company to provide for impairment of its loan receivables (financial instruments) using the Expected Credit Loss (ECL) approach. ECL involves an estimation of probability-weighted loss on financial instruments over their life, considering reasonable and supportable information about past events, current conditions, and forecasts of future economic conditions which could impact the credit quality of the Company’s loans and advances.
In the process, a significant degree of judgement has been applied by the management for:
a. Defining qualitative/ quantitative thresholds for ‘significant increase in credit risk’ ("SICR") and ‘default’.
b. Grouping of loan portfolio under homogenous pools to determine probability of default on a collective basis.
c. Estimating recoveries to determine loss given default on a collective basis for loans that have defaulted.
d. Determining effect of less frequent past events on future probability of default.
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Principal audit procedures performed included the following:
We have examined the policies approved by the Board of Directors of the Company that articulate the objectives of managing portfolio and their business models. We have also verified the methodology adopted for computation of ECL (“ECL Model”) that addresses policies approved by the Board of Directors, procedures and controls for assessing and measuring credit risk on all lending exposures measured at amortised cost.
Additionally, we have also confirmed that adjustments to the output of the ECL model is consistent with the documented rationale and the amount of adjustment has been approved by the Board of Directors
Our audit procedures related to the allowance for ECL included the following, among others:
• Evaluation of the design and operating effectiveness of controls across the processes relevant to ECL. These controls, among others, included controls over the allocation of assets into stages;
• Involvement of Internal Specialist for review of stage classification of Loan portfolio;
• Involvement of Internal Expert for evaluation and understanding of the model adopted by the Company for calculation of Expected Credit Losses including the appropriateness of the data on which the calculation is based;
• Testing on sample basis, the input and historical data used for determining the Probability of Default (PD) and Loss Given Default (LGD) rates, model validation and agreeing the data with the underlying books of account and records;
• Evaluated the incorporation of the applicable assumptions into the ECL Model and tested the mathematical accuracy and computation of the allowances by using the same input data used by the Company with the help of internal experts.
• Tested the adequacy of the adjustment after stressing the inputs used in determining the output as per the ECL Model tested that the adjustment is in conformity with the amount approved by the Board of Directors.
• Evaluated that the Company’s ECL allowance is derived in accordance with Ind AS 109
• Assessed the accuracy of disclosures made in relation to the ECL allowance in accordance with Ind AS 107
(See also our comments in ‘Basis of Qualified opinion’ paragraph above and in our report on Internal Financial Controls)
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Information Other than the Financial Statements and Auditor's Report Thereon
• The Company’s Board of Directors is responsible for the other information. The other information comprises the Management Discussion and Analysis and Board’s Report including Annexures to Board Report but does not include the financial statements and our auditor’s report thereon. The Management Discussion and Analysis and Board’s Report including Annexures to Board Report is expected to be made available to us after the date of this auditor’s report.
• Our opinion on the financial statements does not cover the other information and we do not express any form of assurance conclusion thereon.
• In connection with our audit of the financial statements, our responsibility is to read the other information and, in doing so, consider whether the other information is materially inconsistent with the financial statements, or our knowledge obtained during the course of our audit or otherwise appears to be materially misstated.
• When we read the other information, if we conclude that there is a material misstatement therein, we are required to communicate the matter to those charged with governance as required under SA 720 ‘The Auditor’s responsibilities Relating to Other Information’
Responsibilities of Management and Board of Directors for the Financial Statements
The Company’s Board of Directors is responsible for the matters stated in section 134(5) of the Act with respect to the preparation of these financial statements that give a true and fair view of the financial position, financial performance including other comprehensive income, cash flows and changes in equity of the Company in accordance with the accounting principles generally accepted in India, including Ind AS specified under section 133 of the Act. This responsibility also includes maintenance of adequate accounting records in accordance with the provisions of the Act for safeguarding the assets of the Company and for preventing and detecting frauds and other irregularities; selection and application of appropriate accounting policies; making judgments and estimates that are reasonable and prudent; and design, implementation and maintenance of adequate internal financial controls, that were operating effectively for ensuring the accuracy and completeness of the accounting records, relevant to the preparation and presentation of the financial statements that give a true and fair view and are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
In preparing the financial statements, management and Board of Directors are responsible for assessing the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to going concern and using the going concern basis of accounting unless the Board of Directors either intend to
liquidate the Company or to cease operations, or has no realistic alternative but to do so.
The Company’s Board of Directors is also responsible for overseeing the Company’s financial reporting process.
Auditor's Responsibility for the Audit of the Financial Statements
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements as a whole are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to issue an auditor’s report that includes our opinion. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance, but is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with SAs will always detect a material misstatement when it exists. Misstatements can arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, individually or in the aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis of these financial statements.
As part of an audit in accordance with SAs, we exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit. We also:
• Identify and assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error, design and perform audit procedures responsive to those risks, and obtain audit evidence that is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion. The risk of not detecting a material misstatement resulting from fraud is higher than for one resulting from error, as fraud may involve collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control.
• Obtain an understanding of internalfinancialcontrols relevant to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances. Under section 143(3)(i) of the Act, we are also responsible for expressing our opinion on whether the Company has adequate internal financial controls with reference to financial statements in place and the operating effectiveness of such controls.
• Evaluate the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of accounting estimates and related disclosures made by the management.
• Conclude on the appropriateness of management’s use of the going concern basis of accounting and, based on the audit evidence obtained, whether a material uncertainty exists related to events or conditions that may cast significant doubt on the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. If we conclude that a material uncertainty exists, we are required to draw attention in our auditor’s report to the related disclosures in the financial statements or, if such disclosures are inadequate, to modify our opinion. Our conclusions are based on the audit evidence obtained up to the date of our auditor’s report. However, future events or
conditions may cause the Company to cease to continue as a going concern.
• Evaluate the overall presentation, structure and content of the financial statements, including the disclosures, and whether the financial statements represent the underlying transactions and events in a manner that achieves fair presentation.
Materiality is the magnitude of misstatements in the financial statements that, individually or in aggregate, makes it probable that the economic decisions of a reasonably knowledgeable user of the financial statements may be influenced. We consider quantitative materiality and qualitative factors in (i) planning the scope of our audit work and in evaluating the results of our work; and (ii) to evaluate the effect of any identified misstatements in the financial statements.
We communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope and timing of the audit and significant audit findings, including any significant deficiencies in internal financial controls that we identify during our audit.
We also provide those charged with governance with a statement that we have complied with relevant ethical requirements regarding independence, and to communicate with them all relationships and other matters that may reasonably be thought to bear on our independence, and where applicable, related safeguards.
From the matters communicated with those charged with governance, we determine those matters that were of most significance in the audit of the financial statements of the current period and are therefore the key audit matters. We describe these matters in our auditor’s report unless law or regulation precludes public disclosure about the matter or when, in extremely rare circumstances, we determine that a matter should not be communicated in our report because the adverse consequences of doing so would reasonably be expected to outweigh the public interest benefits of such communication.
Report on Other Legal and Regulatory Requirements
1. As required by Section 143(3) of the Act, based on our audit, we report that:
a) We have sought and except for the matter described in sub-paragraph (b) of the Basis for Qualified Opinion section above, obtained all the information and explanations which to the best of our knowledge and belief were necessary for the purposes of our audit.
b) In our opinion, except for the possible effects of the matter(s) described in the Basis for Qualified Opinion section above, proper books of account as required by law have been kept by the Company.
c) The Balance Sheet, the Statement of Profit and Loss including Other Comprehensive Income, the Statement of Cash Flows and Statement of Changes in Equity dealt
with by this Report are in agreement with the relevant books of account.
d) Except for the possible effects of the matter(s) described in the Basis for Qualified Opinion section above, in our opinion, the aforesaid financial statements comply with the Ind AS specified under Section 133 of the Act.
e) The matter(s) described in the Basis for Qualified Opinion section above and Material uncertainty related to Going Concern section above, in our opinion, may have an adverse effect on the functioning of the Company.
f) On the basis of the written representations received from the directors as on 31st March, 2025 taken on record by the Board of Directors, none of the directors is disqualified as on 31st March, 2025 from being appointed as a director in terms of Section 164 (2) of the Act.
g) The qualification relating to the maintenance of accounts and other matters connected therewith, is as stated in the Basis for Qualified Opinion section and in paragraph (b) above.
h) With respect to the adequacy of the internal financial controls with reference to financial statements of the Company and the operating effectiveness of such controls, refer to our separate Report in “Annexure A”. Our report expresses qualified opinion on the adequacy and operating effectiveness of the Company’s internal financial controls with reference to financial statements for the reasons stated therein.
i) In our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us, the remuneration paid/ provided by the Company to its director during the year is in excess of the limits laid down under section 197 of the Act. The remuneration paid of Rs. 6.32 crore is in excess of the limit laid down under this section.
j) With respect to the other matters to be included in the Auditor’s Report in accordance with Rule 11 of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014, as amended in our opinion and to the best of our information and according to the explanations given to us:
i. The Company has disclosed the impact of pending litigations on its financialposition in its financial statements - Refer Note 51(a) to the financial statements.
ii. The Company has made provision, as required under the applicable law or accounting standards, for material foreseeable losses, if any, on long-term contracts including derivative contracts - Refer Note 51(e) to the financial statements;
iii. There were no amounts which were required to be transferred to the Investor Education and Protection Fund by the Company.
iv. (a) The Management has represented that, to the best of its knowledge and belief and as disclosed in the note 57 (a) to the financial statements no funds have been advanced or loaned or invested (either from borrowed funds or share premium or any other sources or kind of funds) by the Company to or in any other person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (“Intermediaries”), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Intermediary shall, directly or indirectly lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Company (“Ultimate Beneficiaries”) or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(b) The Management has represented, that, to the best of its knowledge and belief and as disclosed in the note 57 (b) to the financial statements, no funds have been received by the Company from any person(s) or entity(ies), including foreign entities (“Funding Parties”), with the understanding, whether recorded in writing or otherwise, that the Company shall, directly or indirectly, lend or invest in other persons or entities identified in any manner whatsoever by or on behalf of the Funding Party (“Ultimate Beneficiaries”) or provide any guarantee, security or the like on behalf of the Ultimate Beneficiaries.
(c) Based on the audit procedures performed that have been considered reasonable and appropriate in the circumstances, nothing has come to our notice that has caused us to believe that the representations
under sub-clause (i) and (ii) of Rule 11(e), as provided under (a) and (b) above, contain any material misstatement.
v. The Company has not declared or paid any dividend during the year and has not proposed final dividend for the year.
vi. Based on our examination, which included test checks, the Company has used three accounting software for maintaining its books of account for the financial year ended 31st March 2025 which have the feature of recording audit trail (edit log) facility and the same has operated throughout the year for all relevant transactions recorded in the software. Further, during the course of our audit we did not come across any instance of the audit trail feature being tampered with. The audit trail has been preserved by the Company as per the statutory requirements for record retention in respect of one software.
Additionally, audit trail feature for two accounting software was not maintained for the year ended March 31, 2024, hence reporting under Rule 11 (g) of the Companies (Audit and Auditors) Rules, 2014 on preservation of audit trail as per the statutory requirements for record retention is not applicable in respect of those software.
2. As required by the Companies (Auditor’s Report) Order, 2020 (“the Order”) issued by the Central Government in terms of Section 143(11) of the Act, we give in “Annexure B” a statement on the matters specified in paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Order.
For Deloitte Haskins & Sells
Chartered Accountants (Firm’s Registration No. 015125N)
Jitendra Agarwal
(Partner)
Place: Gurugram (Membership No. 087104)
Date: May 23, 2025 (UDIN: 25087104BMJGWA9458)
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